Carcinoma epidermoide de la conjuntiva ocular. Presentación de un caso / Epidermoid carcinoma on the conjunctiva of the eye. Presentation of case

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso clínico de un paciente de 62 años de edad, raza blanca, de procedencia rural, que acudió a la consulta de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" en enero de 2019 por presentar molestias y lagrimeo en el ojo izquierdo. El examen ocular demostró la presencia de hiperemia conjuntival, lesión conjuntival muy vascularizada en el ángulo interno del ojo derecho que invadía la córnea. Se le realizó excéresis y biopsia que informó un carcinoma epidermoide de la conjuntiva ocular. El carcinoma epidermoide de la conjuntiva ocular es un cáncer poco común, pero ante la sospecha clínica se debe realizar una adecuada semiología clínica para obtener el diagnóstico definitivo y aplicar el tratamiento de acuerdo a los protocolos de actuación.

ABSTRACT A 62-year-old white patient from a rural area presented to the Ophthalmology Clinic of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" in January 2019 with discomfort and tears in his left eye. The eye examination showed the presence of conjunctival hyperemia, a highly vascularized conjunctival lesion in the internal angle of the right eye that invaded the cornea. Exceresis and biopsy were performed which reported an epidermoid carcinoma on the conjunctiva of the eye. Epidermoid carcinoma on the conjunctiva of the eye is a rare cancer, but upon clinical suspicion, an adequate clinical semiology must be performed to obtain the definitive diagnosis and apply the treatment according to the protocols of action.

Uso tópico do inteferon alfa-2b para neoplasia escamosa da superficie ocular em um caso de paciente com xeroderma pigmentoso / Topical Interferon alfa-2b for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in one case of patient with xeroderma pigmentosum

Resumo Relato de um caso clínico de Xeroderma Pigmentoso com carcinoma espinocelular de conjuntiva bilateral que apresentou regressão importante das dimensões tumorais com o uso de Interferon alfa-2b tópico. Relato de caso: Paciente feminina com Xeroderma Pigmentoso em estágio avançado, com ausência de pele sadia, tendo sido submetida a cerca de 60 exéreses de lesões de pele malignas. A paciente compareceu com tumoração conjuntival em ambos os olhos, correspondendo a carcinoma espinocelular de conjuntiva e neoplasia intraepitelial de conjuntiva em olho esquerdo. Devido as dificuldades cirúrgicas, alta taxa de recidiva e elevada probabilidade de formação de simbléfaro foi-se iniciado terapêutica com Interferon alfa-2beta 1.000.000 unidades tópico, obtendo-se bons resultados com importante regressão do tamanho da lesão e resolução dos sintomas. Conclusão: O uso tópico de interferon alfa-2beta em neoplasia escamosa de conjuntiva, mostrou-se uma boa opção terapêutica em situações de elevado risco cirúrgico e de complicações pós operatórias.

Abstract Report of a case of xeroderma pigmentosum with squamous cell carcinoma of bilateral conjunctiva that showed a significant regression in tumor size with the use of interferon alfa-2b topic. Case report: Female patient with Xeroderma pigmentosum in an advanced stage, with no healthy skin, having been subjected to about 60 excisions of malignant skin lesions. The patient appeared with conjunctival tumors in both eyes, corresponding to squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Due to surgical difficulties, high relapse rate and high probability of symblepharon formation, therapy was started with interferon alpha 2beta 1,000,000 topic units, obtaining good results with a significant decrease in lesion size and resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: Topical use of alpha-interferon in 2beta squamous neoplasia of the conjunctiva proved to be a good therapeutic option for high surgical risk and situations of postoperative complications.

Carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas limitado a conjuntiva bulbar / Sebaceous gland carcinoma restricted to bulb conjunctiva

El carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas es un tumor infrecuente que puede desarrollarse a partir de cualquier glándula sebácea en la piel. El 75 por ciento de las veces es de origen ocular y afecta principalmente las glándulas de Zeiss, Meibomio y de la carúncula. Se caracteriza por un comportamiento agresivo, con alta probabilidad de invasión a piel, conjuntiva y córnea. Sin embargo, el compromiso de la conjuntiva como localización primaria es raro. Se presenta un caso con diagnóstico de carcinoma sebáceo de patrón nodular primario de la conjuntiva bulbar, atendido en el Hospital Universitario de Santander durante los años 2014-2016. El propósito del presente estudio es dar a conocer el caso de una patología infrecuente con pocos casos reportados en la literatura, enfatizar su importancia dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de masas en la conjuntiva y del estudio histopatológico como método para obtener un diagnóstico definitivo y realizar un abordaje temprano(AU)

Sebaceous gland carcinoma is an uncommon tumor that may derive from any sebaceous gland of the skin. In 75 percent of cases is ocular and mainly affects the Zeiss, Melbonium and caruncle glands. It is characterized for its aggressiveness, high probability of passing into the skin, the conjunctiva and the cornea. However, the involvement of the conjunctiva as a primary location is rare. This is a case diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of primary nodullary pattern of the bulb conjunctiva, which was seen at the university hospital of Santander from 2014 to 2016. The objective of the study was to show the case of an infrequent pathology with very few cases reported up to now in literature, to make emphasis on its importance within the differential diagnoses of masses present in the conjunctiva and of the histopathological study as a method to obtain a final diagnosis and to make an early intervention(AU)

Atypical presentation of pilomatrixoma in the tarsal conjunctiva / Apresentação atípica de pilomatricoma na conjuntiva tarsal

ABSTRACT Pilomatrixoma is a rare benign tumor, which usually affects young women in the head and neck region. The eyelid is a common site of the disease, though it is very rare in the tarsal conjunctiva.The pilomatrixoma has clinical pleomorphism, which confuses this disease with other similar conditions. The diagnosis is made by pathological examination in most cases. The treatment is surgical, performed by total excision of the lesion with clear margins and recurrence is very uncommon.We present an unusual case of probable recurrent pilomatrixoma in the left upper tarsal conjunctiva.

RESUMO O pilomatricoma é uma neoplasia benigna rara, geralmente acomete mulheres jovens, ocorrendo na região da cabeça e pescoço. A pálpebra é um local comum de aparecimento do pilomatricoma, contudo, seu aparecimento na conjuntiva tarsal é muito raro. O diagnóstico é feito pelo exame anátomo-patológico na maioria dos casos, pois seu pleomorfismo clínico o confunde com outras alterações. O tratamento é cirúrgico, realizado por meio da exérese total da lesão com margens livres. São raros os casos de recidiva. Apresentamos um caso atípico de provável recidiva de pilomatricoma, localizado na conjuntiva tarsal superior à esquerda.

Melanoma conjuntival multifocal recidivado originado de nevus pigmentado preexistente / Recurrent multifocal conjunctival melanoma originated from preexisting pigmented nevus

O melanoma conjuntival multifocal recidivado originado de nevus preexistente é extremamente raro, ocorrendo em uma pessoa para cinco milhões de habitantes. Seu estudo é de extrema relevância, devido sua potencial letalidade. Este estudo objetiva descrever um caso de melanoma conjuntival multifocal recidivado proveniente de nevus pigmentado preexistente ocorrido em Patos de Minas, MG. Este é um estudo de caso com revisão de literatura. O diagnóstico histopatológico e o estadiamento precoce da lesão conjuntival é de fundamental importância para designar a conduta frente ao paciente. O procedimento terapêutico mais utilizado nos dias atuais é a excisão cirúrgica com crioterapia adjuvante associada à mitomicina C. O prognóstico do melanoma conjuntival multifocal recidivado originado de nevus preexistente é o pior dentre todos os melanomas oculares, apresentando alta taxa de mortalidade, 12% a 20% em 5 anos e 30% em 10 anos de desenvolvimento patológico.

Recurrent multifocal conjunctival melanoma originated from preexisting nevus is extremely rare: it occurs in one out of five million individuals. The investigation of this disease is extremely important due to its potential lethality. Thus, this study aims to describe a case of recurrent multifocal conjunctival melanoma originated from preexisting pigmented nevus, which occurred in the city of Patos de Minas, state of Minas Gerais. This is a case study and literature review. Histopathological diagnosis and early staging of the conjunctival lesion is a key element on how to approach the patient. The treatment procedure most commonly used today is surgical excision with adjuvant cryotherapy and mitomycin C. The prognosis of recurrent multifocal conjunctival melanoma originated from preexisting nevus is the worst of all ocular melanomas, with high mortality rate: 12% to 20% within 5 years and 30% within 10 years of pathological development.

Validez de la citología de impresión para neoplasias de la superficie ocular: resultados preliminares / Validation of impression cytology for ocular surface neoplasia: preliminary results

Objetivo: determinar la validez de la citología de impresión en lesiones conjuntivales clínicamente sospechosas de neoplasia comparada con la histopatología. Diseño: estudio de prueba diagnóstica. Métodos: pacientes que ingresaron a la Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional de Colombia con diagnóstico clínico de neoplasia de superficie ocular o lesión sospechosa de neoplasia quienes fueron sometidos a citología de impresión y posterior resección quirúrgica completa más estudio patológico de la lesión. Resultados: se examinaron 54 pacientes de los cuales 27 fueron mujeres y 27 hombres correspondiendo a 50% en cada grupo. La media de edad fue 52.3 años. La lesión más frecuente fue la neoplasia conjuntival escamosa intraepitelial (NIC) en los diagnósticos clínico, citológico y patológico. Se encontró que la sensibilidad de la citología de impresión fue de 92.86% y la especifi cidad de 50%. Con respecto al diagnóstico clínico relacionado con la patología se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 92.86% y una especificidad de 80.77%. Conclusiones: Se encontró que la citología de impresión es una prueba sensible mas no específica para el tamizaje de neoplasias de superficie ocular, sin embargo no muestra una superioridad frente a un buen diagnóstico clínico. Se debe aclarar que son observaciones preliminares de un estudio que se encuentra en curso.

Objective: to determine impression cytology validity for conjunctival malignant lesions compared to pathology. Design: diagnostic test study. Methods: patients admitted to Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional of Colombia with clinical diagnosis of ocular surface neoplasia or suspicious ocular surface neoplasia who underwent impression cytology before excisional surgery of the lesion and pathologic study. Results: fifty four patients were obtained for this initial analysis, 27 were of female sex and 27 males, each group corresponded to 50%. Mean age obtained was 52.3 years. The most frequent lesion found was ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia in the clinical diagnosis, impression cytology and pathology. Impression cytology sensitivity found is 92.86% and 50% of specificity. Clinical diagnosis was found to have 92.68% sensitivity and 80.77% Conclusions: impression cytology was found to be a sensitive test but not specific, which is adequate for a screening test, however it does not demonstrate to be superior to a clinical diagnosis made by a trained specialist. It must be clear that these are preliminary observations and calculations of a study that is still in course and the sample is incomplete.

Melanoma maligno conjuntival / Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva

INTRODUÇÃO: Os tumores melanocíticos conjuntivais compreendem lesões que podem variar desde lesões benignas como os nevos conjuntivais, lesões pré-cancerosas como melanose adquirida primária com atipia até o melanoma maligno conjuntival. O reconhecimento das características clinicas destas lesões e seu diagnóstico preciso permitem o tratamento adequado, contribuindo para a redução da morbidade e mortalidade associados ao melanoma de conjuntiva. OBJETIVO: Revisão das características clinicas, diagnóstico e modalidades de tratamento clínico e cirúrgico das lesões precursoras (Nevos e melanose adquirida primária) e do maligno conjuntival. MÉTODOS: Revisão de literatura através de pesquisa no banco de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e SciELO no período de 1980 a 2011. As palavras-chave utilizadas, individualmente ou em conjunto, foram: "conjunctival melanoma", "primary acquired melanosis", "nevi", "treatment", "chemotherapy", "recurrence", "metastasis" e "mortality". RESULTADO: Características clínicas que permitem o diagnóstico do melanoma conjuntival e sua diferenciação de outras lesões pigmentadas conjuntivais foram consideradas. O estadiamento clínico e patológico, assim como modalidades de tratamento para o melanoma maligno foram revisadas. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes portadores de lesões pigmentadas conjuntivais devem ser avaliados por um oftalmologista especialista. A história oftalmológica, a história familiar de melanoma, e características clínicas da lesão necessitam de cuidadosa avaliação, incluindo-se a determinação do risco de malignidade. A documentação fotográfica deve ser realizada. O tratamento clínico e planejamento cirúrgico devem ser baseados na suspeita clinica. A análise histopatológica por patologista experiente é fundamental para orientação do tratamento e para identificação de fatores prognósticos, principalmente em casos de doença maligna.

INTRODUCTION: Melanocytic tumors comprise a wide range of lesions. These lesions can be nevi, primary acquired melanosis with or without atypia or malignant as conjunctival melanoma. Early recognition of the clinical features allows precise diagnosis and adequate intervention, reducing the rates of metastatic disease and mortality associated with conjunctival melanoma. PURPOSE: To review clinical features, diagnosis, clinical and surgical treatment modalities of the different precursor pigmented lesions (Nevi and primary acquired melanosis) and malignant melanoma. METHODS: Literature review was performed accessing the database of MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e SciELO between 1980 and 2011. The keywords used, individually or combined, were: conjunctival melanoma, primary acquired melanosis, nevi, treatment, chemotherapy, recurrence, metastasis e mortality. RESULTS: Relevant clinical information for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma and differentiation from other pigmented conjunctival lesions were accessed. Clinical and pathological features and different modalities of treatment for malignant melanoma have been reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting with a pigmented conjunctival lesion should be evaluated by an experienced ophthalmologist. Ocular history, family history of melanoma, and clinical features of the lesion need careful assessment and malignancy risk evaluation. Digital photo documentation should be performed. Clinical or surgical planning should be done based on the clinical suspicion. Careful histopathology analysis is required for treatment orientation and prognostic factors identification, mainly in cases of malignancy.

Nevo de células fusiformes de Reed na conjuntiva / Spindle cell nevus of Reed in the conjunctiva

Os autores relatam um caso de nevo de Reed, lesão que apresenta aspecto histológico de malignidade, mas tem evolução benigna. Paciente de 48 anos, masculino, cor parda, apresentava pterígio nasal no olho direito, associado a uma lesão pequena e pouco pigmentada localizada na cabeça do mesmo. Realizou-se exérese de ambos, sem intercorrências, sem sinais de recidiva. O exame histopatológico revelou lesão com bordas definidas, restrita ao epitélio, constituída por células fusiformes perpendiculares à superfície, com pigmentação melânica esparsa. O diagnóstico inicial foi nevo de Spitz, mas, posteriormente, chegou-se à conclusão que se tratava do nevo de células fusiformes de Reed. O presente relato é o segundo na literatura mundial e o primeiro no Brasil.

The authors report one case of nevus of Reed, which has histological aspect of malignancy, but a benign evolution. A 48-years-old brown skin male presented nasal pterygium in right eye, associated with a small and poorly pigmented lesion located on the pterygium head. Both were excised without complications and, currently, there is no recidivation. The histopathological examination revealed one lesion with defined edges, limited to the epithelium, consisted of spindle cells perpendiculars to the surface and with sparse melanin pigmentation. The initial diagnosis was Spitz nevus, but, afterwards, we concluded that was the spindle cell nevus of Reed. This report is the second in the international literature and the first in Brazil.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in conjunctiva.

A case of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT according to WHO classification) in conjunctiva, which presented as a slowly growing salmon-colored mass at limbus of left eye is reported. Histological examination revealed a diffuse low-grade lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies showed that the tumor cells are leukocyte common antigen (CD45)+, CD20+, CD3-, CD5-, CD10- and CD43-, which confirmed the B-cell lineage of lymphoma. The case is being reported for its rarity and clinical importance of recognizing such cases because of excellent prognosis.

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma;

To evaluate 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. To determine the clinical and pathological characteristics. Retrospective study. POP hospital and EDO eye hospital Wah.Cantt From June 200 to July 2006. The patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were usually male [80%], elderly [75% >60 years of age], with most lesions [90%] occurring at the limbus. Two patients [10%] suffered recurrence of the squamous cell of the conjunctiva within 2 to 4 months of resection. Corneal invasion was noted in two patients [10%] while there was intraocular and orbital invasion in two patients [10%]. One patient [5%] required enucleation and one patient [5%] required exenteration. In situ carcinoma was noted in 18 patients [90%]. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva occurs in the sun exposed area of the conjuntiva at the limbus in the elderly men. Recurrence was noted in the younger patients and with larger lesions. Enucleation and exenteration is required in a small number of cases

Immunohistochemical localization of human papilloma virus in conjunctival neoplasias: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The extent of association of human papilloma virus (HPV) in human conjunctival neoplasias has been debated in studies originating from different parts of the world, but no substantial evidence has been generated on Indian subjects. This prompted us to carry out a retrospective study on conjunctival neoplasias diagnosed over the past 12 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 65 specimens of ocular neoplasias and 30 normal controls diagnosed between 1991 and 2002 at a tertiary eye care hospital, was undertaken. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were reviewed for confirming histopathological diagnosis, presence of koilocytosis and changes related to actinic keratosis. Immunohistochemical analysis was done using HPV-specific monoclonal antibodies. Clinicopathological correlation and the association of HPV antigen with the histopathological features were performed. RESULTS: Out of the 65 cases analyzed, 35 were papillomas and 30 were ocular surface squamous neoplasias (OSSN). The mean age was 48 years with a male preponderance. Histologically, koilocytosis was observed in 17.1% of papillomas and 36.6% of OSSN. Actinic keratosis was present in 33% of OSSN. Immunohistochemically 17.1% conjunctival papillomas stained positive for HPV antigen, all cases of OSSN were negative for HPV. There was no correlation between koilocytosis or actinic keratosis and the detection of HPV antigen. CONCLUSIONS: The association between HPV and conjunctival neoplasias is variable in different geographical areas and also depends on the methods of detection used. This study warrants the need for applying more advanced techniques at a molecular level to determine the possible etiology of HPV in conjunctival neoplasias among Asian-Indians.

Histopathological study of conjunctival lesions.

Lesions of conjunctiva comprise a varied spectrum of conditions. A total of 50 patients, 34 males and 16 females, with lesions in conjunctiva were subjected to study. Histopathological examination of the biopsied specimens from the lesions was done using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and other special stains when needed. The study was done to report the spectrum and frequency of different lesions of conjunctiva in a tertiary care eye hospital in India.

Clinicopathological study of dermolipoma--a report of four cases.

Dermolipomas are congenital solid choristomas usually located in the superotemporal fornix, near the lacrimal gland and lateral rectus muscle. Retrospective analysis of four consecutive cases of dermolipoma reported between Jan 1994 and July 2005 was done. Three cases were males and one was female and in all the cases swelling was first noted in the early childhood. Histologically they show squamous epithelium lined tissue containing mature adipose tissue in addition to bundles of dense collagen and adnexal structures which were present in all our cases. Surgical excision of dermolipoma is conservative and confined to the irritating dermal surface or the visible portion of the lesion.

Exenteração: estudo retrospectivo / Exenteration: a retrospective study

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas de pacientes submetidos à exenteração da órbita. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 21 pacientes submetidos à exenteração entre agosto de 1998 e maio de 2003. Foram avaliados dados referentes a idade, sexo, raça, local de origem da lesão, acuidade visual pré-operatória, tempo de evolução da doença, cirurgias prévias, complicações pós-operatórias, diagnóstico histopatológico e uso de tratamento adjuvante antes e/ou após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes (12 homens e 9 mulheres) foi de 58,5 anos, sendo a maioria caucasianos. Todos os pacientes apresentavam neoplasias malignas primárias, sendo 12 de origem palpebral, 6 conjuntivais e 3 orbitárias. O carcinoma espinocelular foi a doença mais freqüente (52,4 por cento). Dos 21 pacientes, 28,57 por cento foram submetidos à cirurgia prévia relacionada à lesão que levou à exenteração. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes analisados apresentava tumores que geralmente se iniciam como lesões pequenas, mas que podem se disseminar para a cavidade orbitária na ausência de tratamento adequado.

PURPOSE: To review all cases of orbit exenteration performed at the Orbit Sector, Ophthalmology Department - Federal University of São Paulo, from 1998 to 2003. METHODS: We reviewed conditions leading to orbital exenteration in 21 patients at the Orbit Sector of Unifesp-EPM from August 1998 to May 2003. Data regarding sex, age, race, primary lesion site, visual acuity at the moment of diagnosis, previous surgeries related to the exenteration, type of performed surgery, histopathologic diagnosis, postoperative complications and use of adjuvant treatment were collected. RESULTS: 21 patient charts were retrospectively analyzed. Ages ranged from 5 to 91 years (mean of 58.5 years). Of these, 12 were male and 9 were female, most of them Caucasian. All lesions that led to exenteration were malignant neoplasias; however, none were metastatic. Lesions originated from eyelids in twelve patients, from bulbar conjunctiva in six and from the orbit in three. Cases were also classified as squamous cell carcinoma (eleven cases), basal cell carcinoma (four cases), sebaceous gland carcinoma (two cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (two cases), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (one case) and adnexal microcistic carcinoma (one case). Visual acuity at the moment of diagnosis ranged from 20/40 to no light perception. Only six patients had been submitted to previous surgeries related to the exenteration. After surgery, three patients suffered graft necrosis, one presented ethmoidal sinus fistula to the orbit and one presented orbital socket shrinkage. Six patients needed postoperative radiotherapy and two had been previously submitted to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Most patients analyzed in our study presented lesions that are usually small in the beginning; however, they can disseminate to the orbit in the absence of adequate treatment.

Método citológico e histopatológico no diagnóstico das lesões da conjuntiva: estudo comparativo / Cytologic and histologic methods in the diagnosis of conjunctival lesions: comparative study

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e a confiabilidade do método citológico nas lesões da conjuntiva, comparando-o com o exame histopatológico. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo prospectivo em 31 lesões conjuntivais. O material para estudo foi coletado raspando-se as lesões com a ajuda da espátula de Kimura. Posteriormente, procedeu-se à exérese das mesmas que foram encaminhadas para o exame histopatológico. As lâminas do exame citológico foram coradas pela técnica de Papanicolaou. RESULTADOS: O método citológico mostrou alta especificidade (100 por cento) e sensibilidade (92,9 por cento). O valor preditivo positivo foi de 100 por cento e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 94,4 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: O simples método citológico é efetivo e seguro no diagnóstico de lesões tumorais da conjuntiva.

Ocular rhinosporidiosis.

Rhinosporidium seeberi, the causative organism causing rhinosporidiosis, also affects extranasal sites. A 1 5-year-old male presented with a conjunctival fleshy swelling near the inner canthus of the left eye. His visual acuity was within normal range. Conjunctival papilloma was the provisional diagnosis for which he was operated on. Histopathology proved to be a case of ocular rhinosporidiosis. Six months follow-up of the case showed no recurrence.